Milia are those tiny white or yellow bumps that can suddenly appear on your skin, often causing frustration and confusion. Unlike acne, these small cysts are not related to infections or clogged pores. They can be stubborn and challenging to get rid of, but understanding their causes and treatments can make a big difference. In this guide, we’ll explore everything you need to know about milia, from what they are and why they form, to the best ways to treat and prevent them. Whether you’re dealing with a few bumps or multiple milia, we’ve got you covered with expert advice and effective solutions.
Milia are small, white or yellow bumps that appear on the skin's surface. They look like pimples but are not the same. These tiny bumps are called milia and are filled with a protein called keratin. Milia often form on the face, especially around the eyes, nose, and cheeks. Unlike pimples, milia do not have an opening to the surface of the skin, which is why they cannot be squeezed out. These bumps are harmless but can be annoying because of their appearance.
There are two main types of milia: primary milia and secondary milia. Primary milia develop on their own, often seen in newborns as "milk spots." These usually appear on the nose, cheeks, and around the eyes and typically disappear on their own within a few weeks. Secondary milia, on the other hand, appear after skin damage such as burns, blisters, or prolonged use of steroid creams. They can occur anywhere on the body where the skin has been injured. Understanding the type of milia is important for effective treatment.
Milia occur when keratin, a protein found in the skin, hair, and nails, gets trapped under the skin. This usually happens when old skin cells do not shed properly, causing a buildup of keratin. Fast skin regeneration can also contribute to milia formation if dead skin cells are not sloughed off quickly enough. This trapped keratin forms the small cysts known as milia.
Several factors can cause milia, including sun damage, heavy creams, and certain health conditions. Long-term sun exposure can thicken the skin, trapping keratin and leading to milia. Using heavy, pore-clogging skincare products can also contribute to their formation. Additionally, skin conditions like blistering disorders or prolonged use of steroid creams can increase the risk of developing secondary milia.
Regular exfoliation helps remove dead skin cells and prevent milia. Use gentle exfoliating products like salicylic acid or glycolic acid to avoid irritation. These acids help dissolve the keratin plugs that cause milia, promoting smoother skin. It's important to choose exfoliators that match your skin type to prevent any adverse reactions.
Double cleanse your skin to remove makeup, sunscreen, and other products that can clog pores and cause milia. Start with an oil-based cleanser to dissolve makeup and sunscreen, followed by a water-based cleanser to remove any remaining impurities. This routine ensures that your skin is thoroughly clean and less prone to developing milia.
Heavy creams can clog pores and lead to milia. Choose lightweight skincare products suitable for your skin type. Look for products labelled ‘non-comedogenic,’ meaning they won't clog pores. This is especially important for areas prone to milia, like around the eyes.
Protect your skin from sun damage by wearing sunscreen daily. This helps prevent the thickening of the skin that can trap keratin. Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, and reapply every two hours when exposed to the sun. Sun protection is a key step in preventing both primary and secondary milia.
A dermatologist can safely remove milia using a sterile needle or a comedone extractor. This process involves making a tiny opening in the skin to extract the keratin plug. Professional extraction is safe and minimises the risk of scarring and infection. Never attempt to extract milia at home, as this can lead to complications.
Chemical peels with salicylic acid or glycolic acid can help remove the top layer of skin, reducing milia over time. These treatments promote skin cell turnover and help to clear trapped keratin. Chemical peels should be done by a professional to ensure safety and effectiveness.
Laser treatments break down the keratin and are used when multiple milia are present. This treatment is particularly effective for stubborn or widespread milia. Laser ablation should be performed by a qualified dermatologist to avoid skin damage and ensure optimal results.
This method uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and remove milia. It is quick and effective but should be done by a healthcare professional to avoid skin damage. Cryotherapy can cause temporary redness or swelling but typically heals without scarring.
Use products containing salicylic acid or glycolic acid to exfoliate the skin and treat milia. These ingredients help dissolve the keratin plugs and promote skin cell turnover. Prescription retinoids can also help by speeding up the skin's natural exfoliation process and preventing new milia from forming.
Regularly exfoliate with mild products and avoid picking at milia to prevent scarring and infection. Incorporate a gentle chemical exfoliant into your routine once or twice a week. Use a lightweight moisturiser to keep your skin hydrated without clogging pores. Avoid heavy, oily products that can contribute to milia formation.
The skin under the eyes is delicate and requires special care. Consult a dermatologist for safe milia removal in this area. They can use specialised tools and techniques to remove milia without damaging the delicate skin. At home, use gentle exfoliating products and avoid heavy creams around the eyes.
Use lightweight, non-comedogenic skincare products in these areas. Gentle exfoliation can help keep the skin clear of milia. Focus on maintaining a consistent skincare routine to prevent the buildup of keratin. If milia persist, consult a dermatologist for professional treatment options.
Regular check-ups with a dermatologist can help manage and prevent milia. They can provide personalised advice and treatments to keep your skin clear. A dermatologist can also monitor your skin for any changes and adjust your skincare routine as needed.
Adapt your skincare routine as needed to maintain clear skin. Use gentle products and avoid those that clog pores. Incorporate regular exfoliation and sun protection into your daily routine. As your skin changes over time, adjust your products to ensure they continue to meet your needs.
Milia can be a nuisance, but with the right care and treatment, you can achieve smooth, clear skin. Understanding what causes milia and how to prevent them is key. Regular exfoliation, proper cleansing, and sun protection are essential steps. For persistent milia, professional treatments like extraction, chemical peels, and laser ablation can help. Always consult with a dermatologist to find the best treatment for your skin type. By following these tips, you can effectively treat and prevent milia, keeping your skin healthy and clear.
Yes, milia often go away within a few weeks to a few months without treatment. However, if they persist, professional treatment may be necessary.
Products with salicylic acid, glycolic acid, and lightweight, non-comedogenic creams are best. These help to exfoliate the skin and prevent the buildup of keratin.
No, popping milia can cause scarring and infection. It's best to see a dermatologist for removal to ensure it is done safely and effectively.
