Acne can be frustrating, but understanding the different types can help you treat it better. In this guide, we'll explain the main types of acne, their causes, and how you can treat them.
Acne is a skin condition that happens when your hair follicles get clogged with oil and dead skin cells. It causes pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads. Acne is very common, especially among teenagers, but it can affect people of all ages.
Knowing the type of acne you have is important because each type needs different treatment. If you treat your acne correctly, you can avoid scarring and other skin problems.
Acne vulgaris is the most common type of acne. It includes blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples. This type of acne happens when oil and dead skin cells block your hair follicles. Anyone can get acne vulgaris, but it is most common in teenagers.
Comedonal acne includes blackheads and whiteheads. Blackheads are small bumps that appear dark because the clogged pore is open and the oil inside turns black when it meets air. Whiteheads are small white bumps because the pore is closed. Both are caused by clogged pores.
Inflammatory acne includes papules and pustules. Papules are small, red bumps that are sore to touch. Pustules are similar but have a white, pus-filled center. This type of acne happens when bacteria infects clogged pores, causing inflammation.
Nodulocystic acne is a severe type of acne that includes nodules and cysts. Nodules are large, hard lumps under the skin. Cysts are large, pus-filled lumps. Both can be painful and cause scarring. This type of acne needs medical treatment.
Acne mechanica is caused by friction, pressure, or rubbing on the skin. It is common in athletes and soldiers because of tight clothing and equipment. Recently, it has become common due to wearing masks, known as ‘maskne’.
Acne conglobata is a rare and severe type of acne that causes large, interconnected lesions. It can leave acne scars and usually affects the back, buttocks, and chest. This type of acne needs medical treatment.
Acne fulminans is a sudden and severe type of acne. It causes painful sores and can be accompanied by fever and muscle aches. It mostly affects teenage boys and requires immediate medical attention.
Gram-negative folliculitis is a bacterial infection that causes acne-like symptoms. It often happens after long-term antibiotic treatment for acne. It needs specific medical treatment with antibiotics.
Pyoderma faciale is a severe form of rosacea that causes red, painful sores on the face. It mostly affects young women. This type of acne needs medical treatment.
Acne is classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the number of lesions. Mild acne has fewer than 30 lesions, moderate acne has 30-125 lesions, and severe acne has more than 125 lesions. Knowing your acne grade helps in choosing the right treatment.
Grading your acne helps doctors decide the best treatment plan. Mild acne might need only over-the-counter treatments, while severe acne may need prescription medications.
For mild acne, over-the-counter treatments can be effective. Products with benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or sulphur can help reduce oil and clear clogged pores. Always follow the instructions on the product labels.
For moderate to severe acne, you might need prescription treatments. These can include stronger retinoids, antibiotics, or hormonal treatments like birth control pills. Always follow your doctor's advice for these treatments.
Keeping your skin clean and using non-comedogenic (won't clog pores) products can help prevent acne. Washing your face twice a day and after sweating can also help. Avoid picking or squeezing pimples to prevent scarring.
If your acne is severe, painful, or not improving with over-the-counter treatments, it’s time to see a dermatologist. Also, if you notice scarring or feel very self-conscious about your acne, professional help can be beneficial.
During a visit, the dermatologist will examine your skin and ask about your medical history. They may prescribe medications or recommend treatments like chemical peels or light therapy. Follow their advice for the best results.
Use a gentle cleanser, a non-comedogenic moisturiser, and sunscreen every day. Avoid harsh scrubbing, which can irritate your skin and make acne worse.
Eat a balanced diet, manage stress, and avoid touching your face. These habits can help keep your skin clear. Regular exercise can also improve your overall skin health.
Understanding the different types of acne and how to treat them is key to achieving clearer skin. By recognising whether you have comedonal, inflammatory, nodulocystic, or less common types of acne, you can choose the best treatment options. Remember to keep up a good skincare routine, use the right products, and seek professional help when necessary. With the right approach, you can manage acne effectively and improve your skin health.
To identify your acne type, examine your skin for different types of acne lesions. Blackheads and whiteheads are small bumps caused by clogged hair follicles filled with oil and dead skin cells. Inflammatory papules and pustules are red, sore, and often pus-filled pimples. Nodules and cystic acne are large, deep, and painful. If you're unsure, a dermatologist can help you identify your specific skin condition.
Cystic acne is the hardest type to treat because it includes large, painful nodules and cysts deep within the skin. These severe forms of acne often require strong prescription medications like isotretinoin or antibiotics. Sometimes, dermatologists may need to use steroid injections to reduce inflammation and prevent acne scarring.
The four grades of acne are:
Bacterial acne looks like red, swollen pimples, often filled with pus, known as inflammatory papules and pustules. These pimples form when bacteria infect clogged hair follicles, causing inflammation. They can appear on the face, chest, back, or other parts of the body. Bacterial acne is one of the most common skin conditions and can range from mild to severe forms.
